Rocket Propellants
Sugar & Blackpowder Based

Rocket Candy

Rocket candy is a term used for a variety of Potassium Nitrate/Sugar based compositions. The Composition listed below is a good place to start.
The Potassium Nitrate and sugar etc. are cooked together over Heat in an electric Frypan/Skillet or over an electric element Untill they melt together into a "Candy". The Red Iron Oxides Acts as a catalist an increases the burn rate

Here is a link to James Yawns Website for more Information
Here is a link to Richard Nakkas Website for more Information

Standard Rocket Candy Formula
Ingreidients Should be as Fine as Possible anr are cooked together in an electric Frypan/Skillet or over an electric element Untill they melt together into a "Candy". It Can Then be Moulded Before it Cools into Fuel grains or Whatever Shape is Desired

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	65
Sugar	35
Red Iron Oxide	+ 3 - 5

Rocket Candy #2
From recreational pyrotechnics

It is best prepared by melting the potassium nitrate and sugar together, but this is a dangerous operation and could result in accidential ignition during preperation. Dry mixing is possible and much safer but produces lower quality propellant.

- If it is prepared by melting the components together, the sugar must be molten FIRST. Do it outside and on a low heat source.

Then take it off the heat source turn it off, go away from everything hot and stir in the milled KNO3

Wear proper safety stuff! This way it can be prepared much safer than just mixing them and heat them together.

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	74.50
Sugar	25.50

Sugar Propellant
TeleFlite

Sugar Rocket Propellant
Ball Mill for Best Results
Not as fast burning as Rocket Candy, only really usefull in cored rockets

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	63
Sugar	27
Sulfur	10

Black Powder

Standard Blackpowder can be used as Rocket Propellant
It Can be Tuned to Your Tooling/Tubes by Varying Whether it is screen mixed or milled and also by varying milling times. The type of charcoal used will also affect the burn rate. Using Softer lighter Charcoals such as willow or Balsa will increase the burn rate

Chemical	Quantity %
Potasium Nitrate	75
Charcoal	15
Sulfur	10

Black Powder Rocket Engine
Tube Size Chart

Blackpowder Rockets are Usually Described in oz's or LB's
The table below shows whatthese sizes relate to in terms of tube sizes

Size	Tube Size
2oz	3/8" x 2-3/4"
4 oz	1/2" x 5"
8 oz	5/8" x 6-1/4"
1 lb	3/4" x 7-1/2"
2 lb	7/8" x 10"
3 lb	1" x 10"
4 lb	1-1/4" x 12"
6 lb	1-1/2" x 16"

1LB Rocket Propellant

Frozentech / Painter

Ball mill Ingredients except Al 45 minutes to 1 hour. Will also work screened.

Any 40-100 mesh Al should work for a bright silver spark tail. Coarser charcoal adds length and gold color to the rocket tail.

Dampen lightly and granulate through a 10 mesh screen without Adding Dextrin
This will reduce dust while ramming or pressing.

A modified version of the Ralph Degn 1LB / 2LB rocket composition. The original used 4 meshes of charcoal from airfloat up to 20 mesh.

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	56.07
Sulfur	12.15
Charcoal (Airfloat)	12.62
Charcoal (36-80 mesh)	12.62
Aluminium (Mixed Firefly)	6.54

1-3 oz Rocket

George W Weingart

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	58.06
Charcoal	32.26
Sulfur	9.68

4-8 oz Rocket

George W Weingart

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	55.17
Charcoal	31.03
Sulfur	13.79

1-3 lb Rocket

George W Weingart

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	51.61
Charcoal	38.71
Sulfur	9.68

4-8 lb Rocket

George W Weingart

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	54.55
Charcoal	36.36
Sulfur	9.09

Estes Class 'C'

Composition from 1994 US Dept. of Labour Material Safety Data Sheet

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	71.79
Charcoal	13.45
Sulfur	13.81
Dextrin	0.95

Propellant - RP

Alan Yates
All the chemicals except the Aluminium are ball milled for at least 2 hours. The Aluminium is then screened in using a 60 mesh screen.

The meal may be used as is but it is preferable to moisten with a 25% solution of alcohol & granulate. This granulation procedure makes it much easier to work with while loading into cases and also makes it somewhat more powerful.

The spherical Aluminium is not for effect, but rather as a phlegmatizer. It does produce an interesting tail effect which is probably a glitter related reaction despite the fairly low sulfur content

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	62.07
Charcoal (airfloat)	20.69
Sulfur	10.34
Aluminium (-325 mesh, spherical)	6.90

German Rockets

Urbanski

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	60
Charcoal (150 mesh)	25
Sulfur	15

American Rockets

Urbanski

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	59
Charcoal (150 mesh)	31
Sulfur	10

KNO3 propellant

Chris Beauregard

Chemical	Quantity %
Potassium Nitrate	72
Charcoal	24
Sulfur	4

NaNO3 propellant

Chris Beauregard

Chemical	Quantity %
Sodium Nitrate	69
Charcoal	27
Sulfur	4

Mobirise

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